THE European competition authorities have ruled that Apple has wrongly benefited from a tax deal with Ireland that allowed Apple to avoid almost all company taxes on its sales in Europe, the Middle East and Africa. The €13bn company income tax that Apple is estimated to have saved has been classified as state aid to industries. It is therefore illegal and must be refunded to the Irish government in the first instance — plus interest.No doubt other European governments, and maybe even SA (assuming the Treasury is not otherwise engaged) will be looking to Ireland for their share of the taxes unfairly saved on the Apple income generated in their economies and transferred through its tax haven in Ireland.The principle that taxes should be levied equally — at the same rate — on all companies generating income within a particular tax jurisdiction seems right. But it is a principle much more honoured in the breach than the observance. The effective rate of tax (taxes actually paid on econo...

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