Big Tech rushes to comply with sweeping EU law

Brussels — Google, Apple, Amazon, Microsoft, Meta and TikTok owner ByteDance have scrambled over the past six months to comply with landmark EU tech rules that come into force on Thursday, from overhauling online platforms to back-room engineering.

The Digital Markets Act (DMA) is one of the most comprehensive regulatory actions to rein in “Big Tech” and is expected to reshape the global technology industry after decades of unfettered growth. Criticism from rivals and users and cautionary comments from watchdogs suggest a couple of the six companies may be in the regulatory crosshairs over potential noncompliance in the coming months.

If any of the six tech giants are not compliant with the act by the EU’s Thursday deadline, they could ultimately face investigations and potentially fines of up to 10% of their global turnover.

Apple is the most affected by the act, which forces the iPhone maker to open up its closed ecosystem, such as allowing software developers to distribute their apps to users in the EU outside its own App Store.

Yet its introduction of new fees, including a “core technology fee” of 50 euro cents per user account each year even if developers opt not to use Apple’s App Store or payment system, has already caught EU antitrust chief Margrethe Vestager’s eye.

Vestager said on Monday that novel fee structures should not undermine the incentives for businesses to switch to rivals, after handing a €1.84bn fine to Apple for thwarting Spotify from showing other payment options outside its App Store. Apple has said it will appeal the decision and declined to offer further comment.

Rivals, such as Swiss email service Proton, meanwhile, have said Apple’s compliance efforts do not go far enough. The commission declined to comment.

With eight core platform services subject to the Digital Markets Act, more than any other company, and despite putting thousands of tech engineers to work on its compliance efforts, Alphabet’s Google also runs the risk of a potential investigation.

The company’s mandatory overhaul of its search results will benefit aggregators such as Booking.com and Expedia, which will gain more prominence and hence online traffic due to their intensive lobbying with Google.

That has already caused friction with hotels, airlines and restaurants, with some expecting to lose as much as 50% of their online traffic and possibly millions of euro in revenues as users are lured to large online intermediaries. Google declined to comment.

Meta, which said Instagram and Facebook users would be asked if their data could be shared between its services, could also run the risk of an investigation. Meta declined to comment.

Microsoft, Amazon and ByteDance could possibly face less scrutiny initially as EU regulators focus their resources on one or two cases and ensured a case able to withstand a legal challenge, people familiar with the matter said. Microsoft and Amazon declined to comment while ByteDance did not respond immediately to a request for comment.

Pressure for an EU investigation is also coming from some of the big six companies themselves.

At least one has told the European commission that it was not fair to have to play by the act’s rules while a rival flouted them, one person with direct knowledge of the matter said.

Unlike EU antitrust investigations, which can take years to wrap, Digital Markets Act enforcers have just a year to issue their findings.

Reuters