COP28 pledge tackles conundrum of cooling down global warming

Dubai — The US is among at least 60 countries backing a pledge on Tuesday to cut cooling-related emissions by 2050, US state department officials said at the UN climate summit in Dubai.

The Global Cooling Pledge will mark the world’s first collective focus on energy emissions from the cooling sector. It calls for countries by 2050 to have reduced their cooling-related emissions at least 68% compared to 2022 levels.

It is a tough task, given that the cooling industry is expected to grow as temperatures continue to climb.

With installed cooling capacity set to triple by 2050, cooling emissions are expected to surge to between 4.4-billion and 6.1-billion tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent by 2050, according to a report published on Tuesday by the UN Environment Programme (Unep).

That would equal one-tenth of expected global emissions, the report said, and would strain electric grids.

Reuters is first to report the US support, which suggests there could be a process to construct more regulations or incentives for the industry in the US, and ramp up pressure on other countries to join.

The officials declined to be named as the information remained confidential.

One official said the US is keen to work on ways to boost the efficiency of cooling technologies and phase down the use of hydrofluorocarbons, or HFCs, a potent greenhouse gas that is released by air conditioners and refrigerators.

In October, the US Environmental Protection Agency set a new rule restricting the use of HFCs beginning from 2025 to 2028, and proposed setting requirements for managing or reusing HFCs and repairing leaky equipment.

Kenya was the first to sign on to the Global Cooling Pledge, with at least 59 more countries joining as of Monday afternoon, said Brian Dean of Sustainable Energy for All, a nonprofit agency that is part of a Unep coalition that developed the pledge.

Organisers hope to see at least 80 countries supporting the cooling pledge, given the urgent need to slash climate-warming emissions and keep people safe from dangerous heatwaves.

By contrast, at least 118 countries supported another COP28 pledge to triple renewable energy and double energy efficiency rates by 2030 — commitments that are considered less detailed and less expensive to implement than the cooling goal.

India has voiced concerns about the pledge to organisers, and if not resolved, it will not join, a government official said on Monday, without giving any details.

Nearly three-quarters of the potential for reducing cooling emissions by mid-century can be found in Group of 20 countries, the Unep report said.

A report from the Lancet medical journal in November estimated that heat stress deaths could quadruple by midcentury.

The Unep estimates that global efforts to tackle cooling emissions could avoid the release of up to 78-billion tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent.

Reuters