The rate at which people are being infected by HIV remains greater than that at which people are initiating treatment. This imbalance will stop the eradication of HIV/AIDS. The mismatch begs for increased investment in primary prevention. Primary prevention caters for people who are HIV-negative. It aims to reduce their chance of becoming infected. In certain populations, known as key populations, the burden of infection is disproportionately high. These include men who have sex with men, sex workers, people who inject drugs, transgender people, and, in sub-Saharan Africa, adolescent girls and young women. Primary prevention should be tailored, and scaled up, for these groups. Primary prevention can be provided in a number of ways, but the most exciting new innovation is pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). PrEP is the use of antiretrovirals by HIV-uninfected people to prevent HIV transmission. It is commonly given as a daily pill (sold as Truvada) to be taken orally in the same way tha...
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