Helmuth von Moltke was a 19th-century Prussian field marshal who, though a stickler for planning, famously observed that “no plan survives contact with reality”. In other words, plan as much as you can, but you will still need to improvise later.

SA’s National Development Plan (NDP) has not survived contact with reality. But it cannot be cast aside; and renewed foresight and discipline are still needed to ensure the plan’s successful implementation. This is the first lesson that emerges from the recently released 10-year review (2012-22) of the NDP by the National Planning Commission (NPC)...

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