My comment that shareholder capitalism worsens economic inequality has touched nerves, maybe unsurprisingly as interests are involved. First, let me emphasise that critique of shareholder capitalism is not critique of capitalism. As the USSR’s failure contrasted to Asian “hybrid-communist” success shows, capitalism is indispensable to grow an economy.

At base, shareholder capitalism is an ethical claim: Milton Friedman in the 1960s claimed corporations have a responsibility to their shareholders alone, and an implicit “invisible hand” would enhance society anyway. From the 1980s, as the Soviet model tottered, a US flushed with ideological triumph gave Friedman’s capitalism free rein. Since then, by interaction with stock markets, shareholder capitalism became an elaborate global structure whose alleged shortfalls are well-publicised: skyrocketing CEO salaries, bonuses in share options that encourage “short-termism”, stock buybacks etc. Any critique of these has to be cautious ...

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