Flying is for the birds, company bosses discover during lockdowns

Business travel as we’ve known it is a thing of the past. From Pfizer, Michelin and LG Electronics to HSBC, Hershey, Invesco  and Deutsche Bank, businesses around the world are signalling that innovative new communication tools are making many prepandemic-era trips history. 

Take Akzo Nobel, Europe’s biggest paint maker. At its Amsterdam headquarters, CEO Thierry Vanlancker has spent the past year watching his head of manufacturing, David Prinselaar, flap his arms, madly gesticulate and seem to talk to himself while “visiting” 124 plants by directing staff with high-definition augmented-reality headgear on factory floors. A task that meant criss-crossing the globe in a plane before is now done in a fraction of the time — and with no jet lag.

For Vanlancker, there is no going back.

“Trips to drum up business could drop by a third, and internal meetings by even more,” he said in an interview. “It’s a good thing for our wallets and helps our sustainability targets. Our customers have had a year of training, so it’s not a social no-no anymore to just reach out by video … There’s an enormous efficiency element.”

A Bloomberg survey of 45 large businesses in the US, Europe and Asia shows that 84% plan to spend less on travel postpandemic. A majority of the respondents cutting travel budgets see reductions of 20% to 40%, with about two in three slashing both internal and external in-person meetings. The ease and efficiency of virtual software, cost savings and lower carbon emissions were the primary reasons cited for the cutbacks. According to the Global Business Travel Association, spending on corporate trips could slide to as low as $1.24-trillion by 2024 from a prepandemic peak in 2019 of $1.43-trillion.

Business travel has “forever changed”, Greg Hayes, CEO of jet-engine maker Raytheon Technologies, said in a Bloomberg Radio interview in July. About 30% of normal commercial air traffic is corporate-related but only half is likely to be mandatory, he said. While the market may eventually recover, sophisticated communication technologies have “really changed our thinking in terms of productivity”, Hayes said.

Having saved billions from slashed travel budgets during the pandemic with only a marginal effect on operations, companies, banks, consulting firms and government offices will be hard pressed to explain why they would return to their old ways. KitKat chocolate-bar maker Hershey said the pandemic showed that online meetings are a more efficient use of time and financial resources. Companies such as Pfizer are grappling with questions about what one accomplishes with a trip that cannot be done virtually, Tina Quattlebaum, its director of global travel operations, said at the GBTA Mid-Year Virtual Summit in July. 

“We don’t think business travel will ever return to 2019 levels,” said Will Hawkley, the global head of travel and leisure at KPMG. “Corporates are looking at their bottom-line, their environmental commitments, the demand from employees for more flexible working and thinking: why do I have to bring that back?”

That is a blow to the airline and hospitality industries — already among the biggest casualties of the pandemic. Business travellers, who buy premium class or more expensive refundable tickets, rang inasmuch as three-quarters of airlines’ prepandemic profits while accounting for only 12% of seats, according to PwC. The hotels sector, which draws about two-thirds of its revenue from business travellers, could see a dip of as much as 18% by 2022 as virtual meetings replace 27% of corporate travel volumes, a Morgan Stanley study shows.

The world’s biggest airlines collectively lost a whopping $126bn in 2020 and are set to lose another $48bn this year, according to the International Air Transport Association, their lobby group. As they wrestle with such losses and the huge debts racked up after coronavirus punctured a decades-long boom in travel, the last thing airlines need is corporate customers cutting back. Carriers such as Lufthansa, Air France-KLM, Delta Air Lines and American Airlines, with thousands of staff and overhead to support, depend on business travellers returning.

“The effect of this structural decrease in business travel will be enormous for the industry, and especially for the airlines that are the most exposed to this category of traveller,” said Pascal Fabre, MD in Paris for AlixPartners, a consulting firm.

Airlines are trying to stay optimistic. Delta CEO Ed Bastian said about 80% of the carrier’s large corporate clients have indicated that as much as 90% of their pre-Covid-19 business travel will eventually return.

“I don’t expect we’re going to see a degradation in the aggregate of business demand over time,” he said in an interview. “The more people are connected in person, the more opportunities are created. I don’t see this being a significant body blow to the industry as prognosticated by some.”

Travelling thousands of kilometres to meet with customers to discuss issues across a table or over a meal made business sense before the pandemic and that has not changed, said Warren East, the CEO of Rolls-Royce, which makes aircraft engines.

“Covid-19 has definitely taught people that some of the mad regular dashes across the Atlantic hither and thither aren’t necessary,” he said, speaking at a net-zero event on June 17. “But when you peel back beyond that superficial analysis, you realise people were doing it because they thought it delivered real benefit to them.”

There may also be competitive pressures to keep flying, Air France-KLM CEO Ben Smith said in an interview. “I hear many of our corporate customers saying that the day they lose an account because they weren’t somewhere face-to-face will immediately bring them back to the way operations were before.”

Airlines are banking on a recovery sparked by pent-up demand after about 18 months when executives could not visit customers — hopes that are being dented by the spread of the Delta variant of coronavirus. Even if there is an initial burst of activity, it will start to stabilise and the structural change to business travel will become evident by around 2024, Fabre said. 

“In the past, it was seen as a good thing to go to the other side of the world to shake someone’s hand, but not anymore,” Augustin de Romanet, the CEO of Aeroports de Paris, which operates dozens of airports around the world, said in an interview. “Many things that have been done by conference call during the pandemic will stay that way, especially when it comes to far-flung countries. This will be for costs and the environment as well as people’s wellbeing.”

Company executives travel for many reasons — from business development and customer support to trade shows, conferences and meetings with local staff. Trips for intracompany activities are likely to bear the brunt of the cuts “because client relationships aren’t at stake”, AlixPartners’ Fabre said.

“We have learned how to work, develop products, sign contracts without travelling,” he said.

Deutsche Bank’s global head of investment banking coverage and advisory, Drew Goldman, said that while the bank’s client-related business travel will return to about 90% of prepandemic levels, trips for internal meetings will probably be a shadow of what they were before — at 25% to 30%.

Volkswagen is making employees jump through hoops before they can fly. Internal booking software steers them towards alternatives to flying, the most carbon-intensive form of travel. They are also asked to justify why they cannot conduct the business online. At French defence and tech giant Thales, “trips will be for longer and probably less frequent in order to optimise costs, environmental impact and wellbeing”, CEO Patrice Caine said. 

In Singapore, United Overseas Bank, Southeast Asia’s third-biggest bank, plans to cut its travel budget by as much as 50%, and will limit trips to cases “where face-to-face interaction is essential”, said Dean Tong, head of group human resources. On New York-based Marsh & McLennan’s second-quarter earnings call, CEO Dan Glaser said: “Companies, not just Marsh McLennan, will travel with more purpose and will be more thoughtful about travelling.”

Sophisticated technologies are enabling companies to do things they never imagined doing remotely. At French tyre maker Michelin, new tools are eclipsing the automatic reflex to make a trip, CEO Florent Menegaux said in an interview. The company recently used a drone for a virtual visit of its Campo Grande plant in Brazil by the top manufacturing brass in France.

“We start machines remotely, have used drones to visit factories and train people from home,” Menegaux said. “We will continue to travel because human bonds are absolutely necessary to our activity, but we will most certainly have an overall reduction of about 20% to 30% in our travel costs.”

Royal Dutch Shell has created online control rooms with interactive 3D simulations of oil platforms and plants, giving engineers virtual access from home. In Troy, Michigan, Kevin Clark, the CEO of Aptiv, a former car parts unit of General Motors, is using drones and Oculus augmented-reality headsets to show customers the performance and manufacturing run rates of plants in Mexico, Hungary or China.

“We won’t travel as much,” Clark said. “I think it’ll be more when we have to travel people will travel, versus, it’s nice to travel.”

For most companies, cost savings will be the primary driver to scale back, but carbon-footprint worries and employee wellbeing are not far behind, Fabre said. 

Businesses globally are under pressure from investors and regulators to shrink their CO₂ emissions. The European Commission rolled out an ambitious climate plan in July to force all industries to shift away from fossil fuels. Aviation has long been a target even though it accounts for only about 2.4% of global human-induced CO₂ emissions. That is because the sector was growing rapidly before the pandemic and has other negative effects on Earth’s upper atmosphere.

“Companies have acknowledged that reducing the level of flights is one way of reducing climate change,” said Andrew Murphy, aviation director at advocacy group Transport & Environment. “For the next 10 years, the best way to reduce emissions from aviation is to fly less.”

Airlines are providing companies tools to blunt the impact of CO₂ emissions with carbon offsets and refreshing fleets with newer, more efficient planes. But with the tons of carbon dioxide they spew, airlines cannot do much to show that flying is a sustainable way to get around. Hydrogen-fuelled planes and electric commercial jetliners are decades away, and alternative aviation fuel is not widely available and jacks up ticket prices. 

Carriers may have to modify aircraft configurations to cut business class seats and add more premium economy places. Premium economy costs less to operate than business class and takes up less space.

Air France, for instance, is developing its so-called leisure-business category for passengers who buy premium class tickets for holiday travel, according to Steven Zaat, the group’s CFO. Thirty-two Air France 777s are fitted with “quick change” systems that allow the airline to reduce the size of its business-class cabin. The airline is still confident about a rebound in business travel, but “we can always reconfigure our planes if necessary”, Zaat said in a Bloomberg TV interview.

While airlines grapple with the possibility of fewer business customers, some of those clients are happy not to be zipping around the world all the time.

“A nice side effect of fewer long-haul business trips is less stress for the people who fly,” Hans-Ingo Biehl, the head of VDR, the German Business Travel Association, said in an interview. A study by the Baylor College of Medicine found frequent flyers have the same cancer risk as obese people. Also, companies have found that jet lag hurts productivity.

“There are a lot of myths and fantasy about travel, but it’s really very tiring,” said Michelin CEO Menegaux. “We should do it only when it’s absolutely necessary. I travel a lot and I can tell you it’s physically gruelling and takes a heavy toll.”

With assistance from Nabila Ahmed, Steven Arons, Stefania Bianchi, Matthew Boyle, Debjit Chakraborty, Chanyaporn Chanjaroen, Gabrielle Coppola, Michael Heath, Laura Hurst, Julie Johnsson, Tiffany Kary, Ian King, Hannah Levitt, Tom Metcalf, Carol Massar, Kyunghee Park, Siddharth Philip, Alexandre Rajbhandari, David Ramli, P R Sanjai, Suzi Ring, Mary Schlangenstein, Deena Shanker, Damian Shepherd, Ravil Shirodkar, Gerry Smith, Amy Thomson, Taiga Uranaka, Angus Whitley, and Patrick Winters

Bloomberg News. More stories like this are available on bloomberg.com.