Congolese head into election weighed down by poverty

Kinshasa — Five years after graduating with a diploma in computer network maintenance, Georges Bamue, 27, still navigates the streets of Kinshasa as a motorcycle taxi rider, unable to find a job or raise enough to start a business in his trained field.

On a good day, he makes about $30, but with rampant inflation in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), the depreciation of the local currency and multiple demands on his meagre income, he struggles to make ends meet paying rent and making sure his family does not go hungry.

Bamue, like millions of Congolese who will head to the polls on December 20, has seen little improvement in living conditions despite the DRC’s vast critical minerals wealth, and promises made by President Felix Tshisekedi when he came to power in 2019.

“When I obtained my diploma, I was confident that the chapter with the motorcycle was over,” he said, adding that he started riding part-time as a student. “I looked for a job but, unfortunately, I couldn’t find one. That’s how the idea of keeping the motorcycle stuck with me to ensure I don’t go hungry.”

Boosted by the mining sector, economic growth in the DRC reached more than 8.5% in 2022, among the fastest in Sub-Saharan Africa. It is world’s top supplier of battery-grade cobalt and the third-largest copper producer. 

But little of that has trickled down, with 62% of nearly 100-million Congolese living on less than a dollar a day and over 26-million dependent on humanitarian aid.

The cost of living has soared in the country, which relies heavily on imports of food staples. These were made more expensive by the depreciation of the Congolese franc, with annual inflation running at over 30% in December, according to the country’s statistics institute.

“It is a mixed picture,” said Jolino Malukisa, Congolese economist and associate researcher at the University of Antwerp in Belgium.

Malukisa said that though there has been some positive developments under Tshisekedi, such as accelerating growth and an expanded national budget, little of that has had broader affect. “We talk about growth but it’s not inclusive growth,” he said. “It benefits the elites and there are only crumbs for the poor citizens.”

Malukisa said the DRC’s three-fold budget increase under Tshisekedi has seen an explosion in institutional spending, with the creation of new budget-intensive institutions, and lavish salaries for MPs, senators and other top political appointees.

In a report in September, Congolese civil society organisation the Observatory for Public Spending said budget overruns were recorded in 22 ministries and seven state institutions in 2022, including the presidency, where the budget execution rate exceeded 190%.

A civil servant earns the equivalent of about $100, while a MP can earn up to $18,000 a month, including benefits. Meanwhile, the unemployment rate is 80%, while most Congolese remain dependent on the informal economy, Malukisa said.

“What Tshisekedi could have done was to relaunch national production by creating national industries, but his policies failed to reassure foreign investors,” Malukisa said.

Tshisekedi has blamed some of the economic woes, including inflation, on external factors such as the Covid-19 pandemic, the war in Ukraine, repeated Ebola outbreaks and the persistent security crisis in the east of the country.

He has touted a free basic education programme launched in 2019, and plans to introduce universal healthcare, as steps towards improving livelihoods.

On the campaign trail, Tshisekedi has promised to diversify the economy, invest in agriculture, curb exports of raw minerals and increase local processing to create more jobs if re-elected.

His main opposition challenger, millionaire business person Moise Katumbi, has said he will improve the business environment to attract investors.

While there are no pre-election polls, some analysts say Tshisekedi has the incumbent’s advantage, facing a crowded opposition field of more than two dozen candidates in an election that requires a simple majority of the vote to win.

Bamue said he voted in 2018 hoping for a change and had been toying with the idea of sitting out the December 20 election. “I will do it [vote] to give it another chance and hope that the next president can bring about change,” he said.

Reuters