Will blockchain have its own MP3 moment?

Blockchain needs its own music industry MP3 moment as fragmented regulation and technology hamper the development of a digital securities industry that could help realise its full potential, say industry officials.

Blockchain, or distributed ledger technology (DLT), underpins cryptoassets such as bitcoin and enables many parties to access a single version of data simultaneously. But extending its application to issue, trade and settle securities such as stocks and bonds requires a common digital format for the securities themselves, said Gerd Hartung, head of new digital markets at Deutsche Boerse.

“The real topic is how do we get to the MP3 digital format you see in the music industry. The next level we are getting to is digitisation of the financial instrument itself,” he said.

The digital MP3 file format, with its inferior audio quality, did not look like a disruptive technology until the arrival of MP3 players and streaming systems dramatically altered the music industry, removing a slew of middle men and almost all the barriers to entry an artist faced.

A similar pivot in financial markets will enable an instrument to be issued in hours rather than days or weeks, better targeting specific markets and taking advantage of windows of calm to reach more investors faster and free of data errors, say industry officials.

But it will also challenge banks’ dominant position in the revenue chain for issuing and trading securities.

Greater clarity

A further step from pilot project to live markets came this week with the launch of LedgerEdge, described as the first regulated, DLT-based corporate bond platform.

“Everyone is looking for greater clarity on the regulatory definition of digital assets,” said David Nicol, CEO and co-founder of LedgerEdge.

But with many elements yet to fall into place, Arjun Jayaram, founder and CEO of blockchain company Baton Systems, warn that a “big bang” moment is not likely.

Banks still use “very old” technology, making it harder to interface with DLT platforms, he said, while Javier Hernani, head of securities services at SIX which runs the Zurich and Madrid stock exchanges, said hooking up to blockchain is a cost that should be phased in.

Hernani also pointed to the need for digital versions of currencies such as the dollar, euro or sterling to speed up payment and achieve the full benefits of DLT, something central banks have yet to decide on let alone launch.

Instead a “bridge” will be needed to enable digitised assets to be traded, but paid for in fiat currencies, he said.

Regulators also need time to get to grips with the new technology. The EU and Britain are preparing to test DLT in market infrastructure.

Pilot regime

“We intend to have this up and running next year, and if it teaches us that we need to update the relevant legislation, then we will do that too,” UK  financial services minister John Glen said in a speech last month.

The EU said its pilot regime will enable policymakers to identify obstacles in regulation.

HSBC and Wells Fargo are already using blockchain from Baton Systems to settle bilateral foreign currency trades. Deutsche Boerse will use its digital central register in July to offer same day-issuance and paperless processing for digitised certificates and warrants in its Clearstream settlement arm.

“We have done the proof of concepts in the past, but now it’s really about bringing the real, fully fledged financial, digital market infrastructure in place, and that needs to be productive and scalable,” said Hartung.

Rival Euroclear has joined blockchain consortium Fnality — backed by banks including Santander, Barclays, Credit Suisse, MUFG and UBS — which is aiming to open a payments account for tokenised assets at the Bank of England in October.

Meanwhile, the US Depository Trust & Clearing Corp’s platform that leverages DLT is moving to a development phase for same-day settlement of securities trades, compared with two days now.

Less risk

Consultants estimate potential savings of 50% from using blockchain in areas such as settlement, mainly through cutting time-consuming “reconciliation” or the fixing of mismatches in transaction data.

Faster completion of trades also means less risk and therefore less capital tied up in backing transactions.

Looking at the derivatives market, Deloitte estimates a “single shared version of trade data” can reduce costs by one-third.

Combining DLT with a machine-readable blueprint for how derivatives are managed and traded can cut the cost base for derivatives dealers by $3.2bn, it says.

SIX, which launched a digital bond in November, senses progress this year.

“We are going from proof of concept to the real world, slowly,” said Hernani.

“We will continue to see some real business, but still in the small numbers. I think there will be parallel systems for a while.”

Reuters