Rio de Janeiro — For the Krenak indigenous people who live along the Rio Doce in southeastern Brazil, the waterway was their community’s lifeblood, a source of food and spiritual presence, where children were baptised and learnt to swim.

But in 2015 a dam co-owned by BHP and Vale collapsed, unleashing 44-million cubic metres of mining waste into the river and the Atlantic Ocean, 650km away, in Brazil’s worst environmental disaster...

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