Tanzanian President John Magufuli’s deepening dispute with companies he accuses of being tax cheats is rattling investors and dimming the allure of one of Africa’s fastest-growing economies. Since taking office in late 2015, Magufuli has been on a drive to increase revenue from natural resources to help fund his industrialisation plans. His administration has passed laws enabling it to renegotiate contracts and ordered foreign mining firms to sell stakes on the local stock exchange to increase transparency. The authorities have hit Acacia Mining with a $190bn tax bill, curbed its exports and detained a senior employee, and seized gems and questioned staff from Petra Diamonds, alleging it had not paid its dues. "In his bid to do some good things like trying to reduce the level of corruption, President Magufuli has often taken steps that have actually gone outside of the formal rules," Nic Cheeseman, professor of democracy at the University of Birmingham in the UK, said by phone. "Eve...

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