South Africa is undergoing an intensive belt-tightening episode that is part voluntary and part involuntary, leading to significantly weaker growth in household spending. Consumers have over the past three years consistently reported an acute lack of confidence, correctly assessing domestic economic prospects as weak. As a result, they have signalled a voluntary defensive posture through an unwillingness to make big financial commitments such as the purchase of durable goods like houses, cars and furniture. Tighter fiscal and monetary policy, low growth in credit extension to households, higher inflation and weak employment have also forced domestic spending downward. On the fiscal front, the government reduced spending by R10-billion last year and raised revenue/taxes by R17-billion. Another R40-billion of spending cuts and R48-billion of revenue increases is budgeted for in the three fiscal years to March 2018. Interest rates are 200 basis points higher than in January 2014. Relat...

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