Macron unveils €30bn plan to revive French industry

French President Emmanuel Macron unveiled a €30bn plan to create the hi-tech champions of the future and reverse years of industrial decline in the euro area’s second-largest economy.  

The plan, dubbed France 2030, foresees investing the funds over five years in sectors including nuclear and renewable energy sources, electric cars, semiconductors and robotics.

“I want us to look ahead and see our weaknesses and strengths,” Macron said in a speech at the Élysée Palace on Tuesday. “We need the country to produce more.”

France 2030 is the latest in the country’s history of pumping public money into a hoped-for industrial renaissance. After the global financial crisis, then-President Nicolas Sarkozy launched a €35bn future investment programme, which has been replenished three times. Macron said this plan is different because it will take greater risks and not rely on well-established industrial firms. 

Despite the various efforts by successive governments, the share of industry in the French economy has declined almost without interruption, and France hasn’t recorded a goods trade surplus since 2002. Six months before the presidential election, Macron is under pressure to show he can reverse those fortunes, particularly in former industrial heartlands, where he struggled to win votes in 2017.  

Macron said he wants to create “a virtuous cycle — innovate, produce, export — to finance our social model”.

“We are a creative country, it’s in our DNA,” Macron said. “But alongside that we have real weaknesses. We have under-invested in education, training and higher education” and “we have a quality of labour to allocate that isn’t at the right level.”

He said the three key objectives of France 2030 are:

• building small reactors in France
• becoming the leader of green hydrogen, and
• “decarbonising” French industry.

The initiative comes only a year after the €100bn euro France Relaunch programme, which also aimed to go beyond crisis spending to address the country’s longer-term problems of low investment and hiring. By the government’s own expectations, there will still be about a third of that programme unspent at the end of this year. 

The investment plans are in keeping with French industrial policy, but increasingly put Macron out on a limb in Europe, where other countries have begun talking about the need to return to some form of fiscal discipline after crisis-spending inflated deficits during Covid-19. Macron’s move is all the more surprising given that when his government first mooted the France 2030, it said European partnerships would be a necessary condition for success.

Half of the money will go to small companies, with a pledge to be green. If projects fail, the funds will quickly be reallocated, Macron said.

We “need lots of public and private money because as the Anglo-Saxons say, the winner takes all”.

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