Drought and heatwave a threat to US delicacies
Extreme weather damages white wheat, which is coveted by Asian buyers, and forces workers to harvest cherries at night
Chicago — An unprecedented heatwave and ongoing drought in the US northwest is damaging white wheat, which is coveted by Asian buyers, and is forcing fruit farm workers to harvest in the middle of the night to salvage crops.
The extreme weather is another blow to farmers who have struggled with labour shortages and higher transport costs during the pandemic and may fuel global food inflation.
Cordell Kress, who farms in southeastern Idaho, expects his winter white wheat to produce about half as many bushels per acre as it does in a normal year when he begins to harvest next week, and he has already destroyed some of his withered canola and safflower oilseed crops.
The Pacific northwest is the only part of the US that grows soft white wheat, which is used to make sponge cakes and noodles, and farmers were hoping to capitalise on high grain prices. Other countries, including Australia and Canada, grow white wheat, but the US variety is especially prized by Asian buyers.
“The general mood among farmers in my area is as dire as I’ve ever seen it,” Kress said. “Something about a drought like this just wears on you. You see your blood, sweat and tears just slowly wither away and die.”
US exports of white wheat in the marketing year that ended on May 31 reached a 40-year high of 265-million bushels, driven by unprecedented demand from China. But farmers may not have as much to sell this year.
“The Washington wheat crop is in pretty rough shape right now,” said Clark Neely, a Washington State University agronomist. The US agriculture department this week rated 68% of the state’s spring wheat and 36% of its winter wheat in poor or very poor condition. A year ago, just 2% of the state’s winter wheat and 6% of its spring wheat were rated poor to very poor.
On top of the expected yield losses, grain buyers worry about quality. Flour millers turn to Pacific northwest soft white wheat for its low protein content, which is well suited for pastries and crackers.
But the drought is shrivelling wheat kernels and raising protein levels, making some of the crop less valuable. “The protein is so high that you can’t use [it] for anything but cattle feed,” Kress said.
Low-protein “soft” wheats have lower gluten content than the “hard” wheats used for bread, producing a less-stretchy dough for delicate cakes.
The state of Washington’s agriculture department said it was still too early to estimate lost revenue from crop damage.
The heat peaked in late June, in the thick of the harvest of cherries. Temperatures reached 48°C on June 28 at The Dalles, Oregon, along the Washington border, near the heart of cherry country.
Scientists have said the suffocating heat that killed hundreds of people would have been “virtually impossible” without climate change and such events could become more common.
On the hottest days last month, labourers who normally start picking cherries at 4am began at 1am, armed with headlamps and roving spotlights to beat the daytime heat, which threatened their safety and made the fruit too soft to harvest.
The region should still produce an average cherry harvest but not the bumper crop initially expected, said BJ Thurlby, president of the Northwest Cherry Growers, a grower-funded trade group representing top cherry producers in Washington and other western states.
“We think we probably lost about 20% of the crop,” Thurlby said, adding that growers simply had to abandon a portion of the heat-damaged cherries in their orchards.
The heatwave’s impact on Washington’s $2bn apple crop — the state’s most valuable agricultural product — is uncertain, because harvest is at least six weeks away. Apple growers are used to sleepless nights as they respond to springtime frosts, but have little experience with sustained heat in June.
“We really don’t know what the effects are. We just have to ride it out,” said Todd Fryhover, president of the Washington Apple Commission.
Growers have been protecting their orchards with expansive nets that protect fruit against sunburn, and by spraying water vapour above the trees. Apples have stopped growing for the time being, Fryhover said, but it is possible the crop may make up for lost time if weather conditions normalise.
The state wine board in Oregon, known for its pinot noir, said the timing of the heat spike may have benefited grapes. Last year, wildfires and wind storms forced some west coast vineyards to leave damaged grapes unharvested.
Washington’s wine grapes seem fine so far, one vineyard manager said. “I think wine grapes are situated well to handle high heat in June,” said Sadie Drury, GM of North Slope Management.
Reuters