For more than a century, global trade and finance have relied on traditional currencies — fiat money issued and regulated by central banks. These currencies, whether the dollar, euro, sterling or yen, form the backbone of international commerce, enabling seamless transactions through such networks as SWIFT.

Enter cryptocurrencies. Over the past decade, they have evolved from a niche experiment to a trillion-dollar asset class. Bitcoin, ethereum and countless others have disrupted finance, promising decentralisation, efficiency and borderless transactions. Yet, despite their growth, global trade and investment still overwhelmingly rely on traditional banking systems and fiat currencies...

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