A white Tesla Model X appears from time to time on the streets of Harare. The electric vehicle stands out from the thousands of petrol- and diesel-powered cars in Zimbabwe's capital when it does. For most motorists, the Tesla Model X has become a source of envy as fuel shortages persist and, for the second week in a row, motorists queue for hours at service stations. More significantly, the Tesla Model X - the first electric vehicle to appear in the country - embodies a component in electric vehicles that has the potential to turn around Zimbabwe's economic fortunes: lithium. The government hopes that global electric-car makers whose vehicles are powered by lithium-ion batteries will in the near future recognise the country as a lithium hub. Zimbabwe is the fifth-largest lithium producer in the world and the largest in Africa. Globally, it trails behind Australia, Chile, Argentina and China. Figures from Statista show that lithium production in Zimbabwe rose to 1,000t in 2017 from 9...

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