Geneva — The UK’s bulk interception of its own citizens’ communications in the wake of revelations by whistle-blower Edward Snowden violated their privacy laws, Europe’s human-rights tribunal has ruled.

The UK government’s programme “had been authorised by the secretary of state, and not by a body independent of the executive”, that lacked the “end-to-end safeguards” to narrow the scope of the data being intercepted, the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) said in a decision published on Tuesday...

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