Geneva — Syria is still unsafe for the return of refugees a decade after its conflict began, UN war crimes investigators said on Tuesday, documenting worsening violence and rights violations including arbitrary detention by government forces.

The UN commission of inquiry on Syria said the overall situation was increasingly bleak, noting hostilities in several areas of the fractured country, its collapsing economy, drying riverbeds and increased attacks by Islamic State (IS) militants.

“One decade in, the parties to the conflict continue to perpetrate war crimes and crimes against humanity and infringing the basic human rights of Syrians,” commission chair Paulo Pinheiro said, releasing its 24th report.

“The war on Syrian civilians continues, and it is difficult for them to find security or safe haven in this war-torn country,” Pinheiro  said.

Incidents of arbitrary and incommunicado detention by government forces continue, the report said.

“The commission has continued to document not only torture and sexual violence in detention but also custodial deaths and enforced disappearances,” a media release said.

The war, which spiralled out of an uprising against President Bashar al-Assad’s rule, sparked the world’s biggest refugee crisis. Syria’s neighbours host 5.6-million refugees, while European countries are hosting more than 1-million.

Refugees in some countries have faced pressure to return.

While Assad has recovered most of Syria, significant areas remain outside his control: Turkish forces are deployed in much of the north and northwest — the last major bastion of anti-Assad rebels — and US forces are stationed in the Kurdish-controlled east and northeast.

Commissioner Hanny Megally said there had been a “return of sieges and siege-like tactics” in southwestern Syria, an area where Russian-backed government forces waged a campaign to snuff out a rebel-held pocket in the city of Deraa.

Covering the year to the end of June, the report also noted increased hostilities in the northwest, saying markets, residential areas and medical facilities had been struck from the air and ground, “often indiscriminately, causing numerous civilian casualties”.

At least 243 people were killed or maimed in seven car bomb attacks in the rebel-held towns of Afrin and Ras al-Ain north of Aleppo, though the full toll was considerably higher, it said.

The report criticised the Islamist group that controls Idlib, Hayat Tahrir al-Sham, for imposing restrictions on media and freedom of expression, saying it had arbitrarily detained media activists and journalists including women.

It also criticised the unlawful internment of thousands of women and children held on suspicion of having links to IS in camps in areas controlled by the US-backed Syrian Democratic Forces, saying they had no legal recourse.

They had “been left to fend for themselves in conditions that may amount to cruel or inhuman treatment”.

Reuters