In 2008, Prof Jerry Z Muller, a professor of history at the Catholic University of America, penned a telling essay, Us and Them: the Enduring Power of Ethnic Nationalism, in the respected Foreign Affairs magazine. He wrote:

“The rise of ethnonationalism, as the sociologist Ernest Gellner has explained ... was propelled by some of the deepest currents of modernity. Since ethnonationalism is a direct consequence of key elements of modernisation, it is likely to gain ground in societies undergoing such a process.”..

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