In an investment context it actually seems wrong to say: "A good decision cannot guarantee a good outcome. All real decisions are made under uncertainty. A decision is therefore a bet, and evaluating it as good or not must depend on the stake and the odds, not on the outcome." — Ward Edwards From Joe Wiggins at Behavioural Investment: Our tendency to judge the quality of a decision by the ultimate consequence is a simple concept. In many instances it is also a prudent one; results often provide a useful gauge of the value of the actions that led to them. However, once you add a healthy dose of randomness, things start to become problematic. Financial markets are the perfect breeding ground for outcome bias – results are obvious and easy to obtain, while judging process and decision quality is incredibly difficult, which means we rely heavily on the former. We also grossly understate the sheer level of unpredictability, largely due to the wonders of hindsight bias and our susceptibil...

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