The South African economy grew at an annualised 3.1% in the fourth quarter of 2017. This helped lift growth to 1.3% for 2017 as a whole. The pace of growth in the quarter was much faster than expected. The government, as well as many commentators, had expected growth in 2017 to be only about 1%. The unexpected acceleration in growth is very welcome. Increasing the size of the economy is the only way to meaningfully create jobs and reduce poverty. Faster growth over time will generate more tax revenue, allowing the state to reduce its high debt. It will also allow more spending in critical areas such as education. But it is too soon to say the economy is out of the doldrums. The recent pace of growth will not be sustained without supportive policy changes. The reason for caution lies in understanding what the announced 3.1% "annualised" growth in quarter four means. When they make a statement of this kind, economists are calculating what growth during one quarter would, if sustained,...

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