Mining frameworks and regulations are always contested terrain, mostly between the multinational companies that dig up the riches and the governments that host them. In Africa, the issue of how to manage resource endowments among stakeholders is even more emotional, and urgent, because of the poverty of mineral-rich countries. The debate is always underpinned by a focus on mining companies, particularly foreign multinationals, and the lingering belief that companies are benefiting unduly from Africa’s resources.Defenders say the requirements are not out of kilter with regional norms and that miners are enjoying high-quality mineral deposits and low taxes. In Tanzania last week, the government submitted three bills to parliament that have caused alarm among investors. They aim to allow the state to force mining and energy companies to renegotiate their contracts. This comes in the wake of a long-running spat with the country’s biggest investor, gold miner Acacia, over alleged underre...

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