It is the greatest of vices. Pride, the estimation of one’s own value, has had a bad rap for millennia. The Greeks thought pride brought the capricious anger of the gods, while in Christianity Lucifer’s pride brought about his downfall. But now an international team of researchers has found that it was fundamental to our human ancestors’ evolution and survival. Their research, published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, covered 16 nations and numerous cultures. Humans are quite singular in the extent to which we rely on each other. Perhaps that’s less noticeable now, with 24-hour grocery stores and the police at the press of a button, but that is a new phenomenon. In the past, people only survived through their reliance on community. "Natural selection would have crafted a neural programme — pride — that makes you care about how much others value you, and motivates you to achieve and advertise socially valued things," says Daniel Sznycer, lead author and a research...

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