A TOOL designed for one context cannot always be used in another — a kitchen knife generally won’t work as a surgeon’s scalpel, say, and flip flops aren’t great for running the Comrades Marathon.Similarly, research does not always translate well from its placid academic habitat to the wilder jungle of government policy making. As a result, academic research often doesn’t help practitioners critique policy options. And in its absence, government departments end up knocking on the doors of consultancies that may be exorbitant and ideologically biased, as well as less than rigorous.My own recent move from the government to research has brought me face to face with some of the cultural differences between policy and university research.To start with, no one in government has enough time. Academics are prone to savour the ins and outs of methodological choices and theoretical debates.Officials must contend with deadlines, meetings and their dreaded key performance indicators. They usuall...

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