The former director-general of the department of mineral resources says he unwittingly played a role in the takeover of Eskom coal supplier Optimum colliery by the Gupta family, outmuscling Glencore. Thibedi Ramontja, who had served the department for 19 years, told the commission of inquiry into state capture on Thursday that he had been sidelined by then minister Mosebenzi Zwane and his three advisers, who created a "misty environment" in which he was excluded from key decisions. Optimum has been at the centre of state capture allegations since former public protector Thuli Madonsela’s 2016 report detailed how, under the tenure of former president Jacob Zuma, Eskom officials forced the sale of Optimum by Glencore and then helped the politically connected Gupta family to buy the company. Ramontja became highly animated when explaining to judge Raymond Zondo, the commission’s chair, how Zwane and those closest to him had "centralised" the Optimum colliery matters in the minister’s o...

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