Has the Economic Community of West African States (Ecowas) just taught the Southern African Development Community (Sadc) a lesson? The West African states effectively took a dictator to task after he refused to comply with the democratic will of the people to vacate office. By using diplomacy in combination with the threat of military force, they managed to convince the former Gambian president Yahya Jammeh to surrender power and leave the country. This was after he was defeated in an election. Why has the Southern African regional body been, in comparison, so ineffectual? Will it learn from Ecowas and become more interventionist? Many countries in Southern Africa have not had free and fair elections — Zimbabwe is the most obvious example. Where there have been cases of unconstitutional seizures of power, or leaders have stayed in office despite a lack of electoral support, there has been at best some form of Sadc mediation, but not the threat of military intervention. Such contrast...

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